Renal Physiology
-15%
portes grátis
Renal Physiology
Mosby Physiology Monograph Series (with Student Consult Online Access)
Koeppen, Bruce M.; Stanton, Bruce A.
Elsevier - Health Sciences Division
10/2012
256
Mole
Inglês
9780323086912
15 a 20 dias
Helps you to quickly and easily grasp the fundamentals of renal physiology and learn how to apply them in a clinical context. This title provides a basic understanding of normal kidney function at the cellular and molecular level.
Introduction to the Kidney 1 Physiology of Body Fluids Objectives Physicochemical Properties of Electrolyte Solutions Molarity and Equivalence Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure Osmolarity and Osmolality Tonicity Oncotic Pressure Specific Gravity Volumes of Body Fluid Compartments Composition of Body Fluid Compartments Fluid Exchange Between Body Fluid Compartments Capillary Fluid Exchange Cellular Fluid Exchange Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems 2 Structure and Function of the Kidneys Objectives Structure of the Kidneys Gross Anatomy Ultrastructure of the Nephron Ultrastructure of the Glomerulus Ultrastructure of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus Innervation of the Kidneys Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems 3 Glomerular Filtration and Renal Blood Flow Objectives Renal Clearance Glomerular Filtration Rate Glomerular Filtration Determinants of Ultrafiltrate Composition Dynamics of Ultrafiltration Renal Blood Flow Regulation of Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration Rate Sympathetic Nerves Angiotensin II Prostaglandins Nitric Oxide Endothelin Bradykinin Adenosine Natriuretic Peptides ATP Glucocorticoids Histamine Dopamine Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems 4 Renal Transport Mechanisms: NaCl and Water Reabsorption Along the Nephron Objectives General Principles of Membrane Transport General Principles of Transepithelial Solute and Water Transport NaCl, Solute, and Water Reabsorption Along the Nephron Proximal Tubule Henle's Loop Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct Regulation of NaCl and Water Reabsorption Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems 5 Regulation of Body Fluid Osmolality: Regulation of Water Balance Objectives Antidiuretic Hormone Osmotic Control of AVP Secretion Hemodynamic Control of AVP Secretion AVP Actions on the Kidneys Thirst Renal Mechanisms for Dilution and Concentration of the Urine The Role of Urea Vasa Recta Function Assessment of Renal Diluting and Concentrating Ability Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems 6 Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Volume and NaCl Balance Objectives Concept of Effective Circulating Volume Volume-Sensing Systems Volume Sensors in the Low-Pressure Cardiopulmonary Circuit Volume Sensors in the High-Pressure Arterial Circuit Hepatic Sensors Central Nervous System Na+ Sensors Volume Sensor Signals Renal Sympathetic Nerves Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Natriuretic Peptides AVP Control of Renal NaCl Excretion During Euvolemia Mechanisms for Maintaining Constant Na+ Delivery to the Distal Tubule Regulation of Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct Na+ Reabsorption Control of Na+ Excretion with Volume Expansion Control of Na+ Excretion with Volume Contraction Edema Alterations in Starling Forces The Role of the Kidneys Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems 7 Regulation of Potassium Balance Objectives Overview of K+ Homeostasis Regulation of Plasma [K+] Epinephrine Insulin Aldosterone Alterations of Plasma [K+] Acid-Base Balance Plasma Osmolality Cell Lysis Exercise K+ Excretion by the Kidneys Cellular Mechanisms of K+ Transport by Principal Cells and Intercalated Cells in the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct Regulation of K+ Secretion by the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct Plasma [K+] Aldosterone Arginine vasopressin (AVP) Factors that Perturb K+ Excretion Flow of Tubular Fluid Acid-Base Balance Glucocorticoids Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems 8 Regulation of Acid-Base Balance Objectives The HCO3- Buffer System Overview of Acid-Base Balance Renal Net Acid Excretion HCO3- Reabsorption Along the Nephron Regulation of H+ Secretion Formation of New HCO3- Response to Acid-Base Disorders Extracellular and Intracellular Buffers Respiratory Compensation Renal Compensation Simple Acid-Base Disorders Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic Alkalosis Respiratory Acidosis Respiratory Alkalosis Analysis of Acid-Base Disorders Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems 9 Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis Objectives Calcium Overview of Ca++ Homeostasis Ca++ Transport along the Nephron Regulation of Urinary Ca++ Excretion Calcium-Sensing Receptor Phosphate Overview of Pi Homeostasis Pi Transport along the Nephron Regulation of Urinary Pi Excretion Integrative Review of Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitriol, and Calcitonin on Ca++ and Pi Homeostasis Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems 10 Physiology of Diuretic Action Objectives General Principles of Diuretic Action Sites of Action of Diuretics Response of Other Nephron Segments Adequate Delivery of Diuretics to Their Site of Action Volume of the Extracellular Fluid Diuretic Braking Phenomenon Mechanisms of Action of Diuretics Osmotic Diuretics Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Loop Diuretics Thiazide Diuretics K+-Sparing Diuretics Aquaretics Effect of Diuretics on the Excretion of Water and Other Solutes Solute-Free Water K+ Excretion HCO3- Excretion Ca++ and Pi Excretion Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems Additional Reading APPENDIX A Integrative Case Studies APPENDIX B Normal Laboratory Values APPENDIX C Nephron Function APPENDIX D Answers to Self-Study Problems APPENDIX E Answers to Integrative Case Studies APPENDIX F Review Examination
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Helps you to quickly and easily grasp the fundamentals of renal physiology and learn how to apply them in a clinical context. This title provides a basic understanding of normal kidney function at the cellular and molecular level.
Introduction to the Kidney 1 Physiology of Body Fluids Objectives Physicochemical Properties of Electrolyte Solutions Molarity and Equivalence Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure Osmolarity and Osmolality Tonicity Oncotic Pressure Specific Gravity Volumes of Body Fluid Compartments Composition of Body Fluid Compartments Fluid Exchange Between Body Fluid Compartments Capillary Fluid Exchange Cellular Fluid Exchange Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems 2 Structure and Function of the Kidneys Objectives Structure of the Kidneys Gross Anatomy Ultrastructure of the Nephron Ultrastructure of the Glomerulus Ultrastructure of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus Innervation of the Kidneys Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems 3 Glomerular Filtration and Renal Blood Flow Objectives Renal Clearance Glomerular Filtration Rate Glomerular Filtration Determinants of Ultrafiltrate Composition Dynamics of Ultrafiltration Renal Blood Flow Regulation of Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration Rate Sympathetic Nerves Angiotensin II Prostaglandins Nitric Oxide Endothelin Bradykinin Adenosine Natriuretic Peptides ATP Glucocorticoids Histamine Dopamine Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems 4 Renal Transport Mechanisms: NaCl and Water Reabsorption Along the Nephron Objectives General Principles of Membrane Transport General Principles of Transepithelial Solute and Water Transport NaCl, Solute, and Water Reabsorption Along the Nephron Proximal Tubule Henle's Loop Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct Regulation of NaCl and Water Reabsorption Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems 5 Regulation of Body Fluid Osmolality: Regulation of Water Balance Objectives Antidiuretic Hormone Osmotic Control of AVP Secretion Hemodynamic Control of AVP Secretion AVP Actions on the Kidneys Thirst Renal Mechanisms for Dilution and Concentration of the Urine The Role of Urea Vasa Recta Function Assessment of Renal Diluting and Concentrating Ability Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems 6 Regulation of Extracellular Fluid Volume and NaCl Balance Objectives Concept of Effective Circulating Volume Volume-Sensing Systems Volume Sensors in the Low-Pressure Cardiopulmonary Circuit Volume Sensors in the High-Pressure Arterial Circuit Hepatic Sensors Central Nervous System Na+ Sensors Volume Sensor Signals Renal Sympathetic Nerves Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Natriuretic Peptides AVP Control of Renal NaCl Excretion During Euvolemia Mechanisms for Maintaining Constant Na+ Delivery to the Distal Tubule Regulation of Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct Na+ Reabsorption Control of Na+ Excretion with Volume Expansion Control of Na+ Excretion with Volume Contraction Edema Alterations in Starling Forces The Role of the Kidneys Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems 7 Regulation of Potassium Balance Objectives Overview of K+ Homeostasis Regulation of Plasma [K+] Epinephrine Insulin Aldosterone Alterations of Plasma [K+] Acid-Base Balance Plasma Osmolality Cell Lysis Exercise K+ Excretion by the Kidneys Cellular Mechanisms of K+ Transport by Principal Cells and Intercalated Cells in the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct Regulation of K+ Secretion by the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct Plasma [K+] Aldosterone Arginine vasopressin (AVP) Factors that Perturb K+ Excretion Flow of Tubular Fluid Acid-Base Balance Glucocorticoids Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems 8 Regulation of Acid-Base Balance Objectives The HCO3- Buffer System Overview of Acid-Base Balance Renal Net Acid Excretion HCO3- Reabsorption Along the Nephron Regulation of H+ Secretion Formation of New HCO3- Response to Acid-Base Disorders Extracellular and Intracellular Buffers Respiratory Compensation Renal Compensation Simple Acid-Base Disorders Metabolic Acidosis Metabolic Alkalosis Respiratory Acidosis Respiratory Alkalosis Analysis of Acid-Base Disorders Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems 9 Regulation of Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis Objectives Calcium Overview of Ca++ Homeostasis Ca++ Transport along the Nephron Regulation of Urinary Ca++ Excretion Calcium-Sensing Receptor Phosphate Overview of Pi Homeostasis Pi Transport along the Nephron Regulation of Urinary Pi Excretion Integrative Review of Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitriol, and Calcitonin on Ca++ and Pi Homeostasis Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems 10 Physiology of Diuretic Action Objectives General Principles of Diuretic Action Sites of Action of Diuretics Response of Other Nephron Segments Adequate Delivery of Diuretics to Their Site of Action Volume of the Extracellular Fluid Diuretic Braking Phenomenon Mechanisms of Action of Diuretics Osmotic Diuretics Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Loop Diuretics Thiazide Diuretics K+-Sparing Diuretics Aquaretics Effect of Diuretics on the Excretion of Water and Other Solutes Solute-Free Water K+ Excretion HCO3- Excretion Ca++ and Pi Excretion Summary Key Words and Concepts Self-Study Problems Additional Reading APPENDIX A Integrative Case Studies APPENDIX B Normal Laboratory Values APPENDIX C Nephron Function APPENDIX D Answers to Self-Study Problems APPENDIX E Answers to Integrative Case Studies APPENDIX F Review Examination
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